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| Member Photo | Photo Info | Description | Attached To |
|---|---|---|---|
 | The Arms of Clare | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | |
 | Medieval history - 11th and 12th centuries The Great Keep replaced Godric of Mappestone's original earth and timber fortification on the site in the mid-12th century. Goodrich Castle appears to have been in existence by 1101, when it was known as Godric’s Castle, named probably after Godric of Mappestone, a local Anglo-Saxon thane and landowner mentioned in the Doomsday Book of 1086. Victorian historians, however, believed the castle to date back further to the pre-Norman conquest days of King Canute, and the site may have been among a small number of Saxon fortifications along the Welsh border. By Norman times, Goodrich formed part of the Welsh Marches, a sequence of territories granted to Norman nobles in, and alongside, Wales. Although Goodrich lay on the safer, English side of the border, the threat of raids and attacks continued throughout most of the period. During the 12th century the attitudes of the English nobility towards the Welsh began to harden; the policies of successive rulers, but especially Henry II, began to become more aggressive in the region. In the mid-12th century Godric's original earth and timber fortification was dismantled and replaced by a tall but relatively small square keep built of stone, sometimes known as "Macbeth's Tower". The keep was designed to be secure and imposing but relatively cheap to build. It is uncertain, however, precisely who was responsible for this rebuilding or the date of the work, which may have been between 1120 and 1176. At the beginning of the 12th century, the castle had passed from Godric to William Fitz Baderon, thought to be his son-in-law, and on to his son, Baderon of Monmouth, in the 1120s. England descended into anarchy, however, during the 1130s as the rival factions of Stephen and his cousin the Empress Matilda vied for power. Baderon of Monmouth married Rohese de Clare, a member of the powerful de Clare family who usually supported Stephen, and there are records of Baderon having to seize Goodrich Castle during the fighting in the region, which was primarily held by supporters of Matilda. Some suspect that Baderon may have therefore built the stone keep in the early years of the conflict. Stephen went on, however, to appoint Baderon's brother-in-law, Gilbert de Claire, the Earl of Pembroke, and Gilbert de Clare eventually acquired Goodrich Castle himself. Gilbert's son, Richard de Clare, known as "Strongbow", succeeded him in 1148, and Richard is another candidate for the construction of the keep. In 1154 Richard fell out of favour with King Henry II because of the de Clares' support for Stephen, and the castle was taken into royal hands. Some argue that the king himself may have ordered the construction of the great keep. | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | |
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | The Arms of Clare | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | |
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (1st Earl of Pembroke, Tenant-in-Chief) (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare (1st Earl of Pembroke, Tenant-in-Chief) (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl Pembroke (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl Pembroke (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare (born year) | ||
 | Tintern Abbey (Welsh: Abaty Tyndyrn) was founded on May 9, 1131. This is a view of the ruins from the East just as the sun rises over the hills. The inner courtyard is in view...."Tintern Abbey and Courtyard" by Saffron Blaze - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tintern_Abbey_and_Courtyard.jpg#/media/File:Tintern_Abbey_and_Courtyard.jpg...Tintern AbbeyTintern Abbey and Courtyard.jpg Monastery informationOrderCistercian Established1131 Disestablished1536 PeopleFounder(s)Walter de Clare SiteLocationTintern, Monmouthshire, Wales ..Tintern Abbey (Welsh: Abaty Tyndyrn) was founded by Walter de Clare, Lord of Chepstow, on 9 May 1131. It is situated in the village of Tintern in Monmouthshire, on the Welsh bank of the River Wye which forms the border between Monmouthshire in Wales and Gloucestershire in England. It was only the second Cistercian foundation in Britain, and the first in Wales. Its ruins inspired William Wordsworth's poem "Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey", Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem "Tears, Idle Tears", Allen Ginsberg's "Wales Visitation", and more than one painting by J. M. W. Turner. The village of Tintern adjoins the abbey ruins, which are Grade I listed from 29 September 2000...Walter de Clare, of the powerful family of Clare, was first cousin of William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester, who had introduced the first colony of Cistercians to Waverley, Surrey, in 1128. The monks for Tintern came from a daughter house of Cîteaux, L'Aumône Abbey, in the diocese of Chartres in France.[2] In time, Tintern established two daughter houses, Kingswood in Gloucestershire (1139) and Tintern Parva, west of Wexford in south east Ireland (1203).The Cistercian monks (or White Monks) who lived at Tintern followed the Rule of St. Benedict. The Carta Caritatis (Charter of Love) laid out their basic principles, of obedience, poverty, chastity, silence, prayer, and work. With this austere way of life, the Cistercians were one of the most successful orders in the 12th and 13th centuries. The lands of the Abbey were divided into agricultural units or granges, on which local people worked and provided services such as smithies to the Abbey. Many endowments of land on both sides of the Wye were made to the Abbey....The present-day remains of Tintern are a mixture of building works covering a 400-year period between 1136 and 1536. Very little remains of the first buildings; a few sections of walling are incorporated into later buildings and the two recessed cupboards for books on the east of the cloisters are from this period. The church of that time was smaller than the present building and was slightly to the north. The Abbey seen from the A466 roadDuring the 13th century the Abbey was mostly rebuilt; first the cloisters and the domestic ranges, then finally the great church between 1269 and 1301. The first Mass in the rebuilt presbytery was recorded to have taken place in 1288, and the building was consecrated in 1301, although building work continued for several decades.[3] Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, the then lord of Chepstow, was a generous benefactor; his monumental undertaking was the rebuilding of the church. The Abbey put his coat of arms in the glass of its east window in thanks to him.It is this great abbey church that is seen today. It has a cruciform plan with an aisled nave; two chapels in each transept and a square ended aisled chancel. The Decorated Gothic church represents the architectural developments of its day. The abbey is built of Old Red Sandstone, of colours varying from purple to buff and grey. The abbey church is 72 metres (236 ft) long.[citation needed]In 1326 King Edward II stayed at Tintern for two nights. In 1349 the Black Death swept the country and it became impossible to attract new recruits for the lay brotherhood. Changes to the way the granges were tenanted out rather than worked by lay brothers show that Tintern was short of labour. In the early 15th century Tintern was short of money, due in part to the effects of the Welsh uprising under Owain Glyndŵr against the English kings, when Abbey properties were destroyed by the Welsh rebels. The closest battle to the abbey was at Craig y Dorth near Monmouth, between Trellech and Mitchel Troy.. | (Gilbert fitz GilberT DE CLARE) (born year) | |
 | (Gilbert fitz GilberT DE CLARE) (born year) | ||
 | Gilbert fitz Gilbert de ClareSeal of Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke.jpgSeal of Gilbert fitz Gilbert, from Lansdowne MS. 203Spouse(s)Isabel de BeaumontNoble familyde ClareFatherGilbert Fitz RichardMotherAlice de ClaremontBornc. 1100TonbridgeDied6 January 1148 | (Gilbert fitz GilberT DE CLARE) (born year) | |
 | Battle of LincolnPart of The AnarchyBattleOf Lincoln.jpgBattle of Lincoln in Historia AnglorumDate2 February 1141LocationLincoln, EnglandCoordinates: 53°14′06″N 0°32′19″WResultDecisive Angevin victoryBelligerentsBlesevinsAngevinsCommanders and leadersStephen of Blois (POW)Robert of GloucesterStrength1,250 men1,000 menCasualties and lossesUnknownKing Stephen capturedUnknownThe AnarchyBattle of Clitheroe Battle of the Standard Battle of Lincoln Rout of Winchester Siege of Oxford Battle of Wilton Siege of Wallingford.....The Battle of Lincoln, or the First Battle of Lincoln, occurred on 2 February 1141. Stephen of England was captured during the battle, imprisoned, and effectively deposed while Empress Matilda ruled for a short time.....The forces of King Stephen of England had been besieging Lincoln Castle but were themselves attacked by a relief force loyal to Empress Matilda and commanded by Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Matilda's half-brother. The Angevin army consisted of the divisions of Robert's men, those of Ranulf, Earl of Chester and those disinherited by Stephen, while on the flank was a mass of Welsh troops led by Madog ap Maredudd, Lord of Powys, and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd. Cadwaladr was the brother of Owain, Prince of Gwynedd, but Owain did not support any side in The Anarchy. Stephen’s force included William of Ypres; Simon of Senlis; Gilbert of Hertford; William of Aumale, Alan of Richmond and Hugh Bigod but was markedly short of cavalry.The battle of Lincoln, 1141; A - Welsh forces; B - Robert of Gloucester; C - Alan; D - Stephen; E - William; F - Fosse Dyke; G - Lincoln Castle; H - Lincoln Cathedral; I - City of Lincoln; J - River WithamAs soon as the battle was joined the majority of the leading magnates, fled the king. Other important magnates captured with the king were Baldwin fitz Gilbert; Bernard de Balliol, Roger de Mowbray; Richard de Courcy; William Peverel of Nottingham; Gilbert de Gant; Ingelram de Say; Ilbert de Lacy and Richard fitz Urse, all men of respected baronial families; it had only been the Earls who had fled.Even as the royal troops listened to the exhortations of Stephen's lieutenant, Baldwin fitz Gilbert, the advancing enemy was heard and soon the disinherited Angevin knights charged the cavalry of the five earls. On the left Earl William Aumale of York and William Ypres charged and smashed the poorly armed, 'but full of spirits', Welsh division but were themselves in turn routed 'in a moment' by the well-ordered military might of Earl Ranulf who stood out from the mass in 'his bright armour'. The earls, outnumbered and outfought, were soon put to flight and many of their men were killed and captured. King Stephen and his knights were rapidly surrounded by the Angevin force."Then might you have seen a dreadful aspect of battle, on every quarter around the king's troop fire flashing from the meeting of swords and helmets - a dreadful crash, a terrific clamour - at which the hills re-echoed, the city walls resounded. With horses spurred on, they charged the king's troop, slew some, wounded others, and dragging some away, made them prisoners.No rest, no breathing time was granted them, except in the quarter where stood that most valiant king, as the foe dreaded the incomparable force of his blows. The earl of Chester, on perceiving this, envying the king his glory, rushed upon him with all the weight of his armed men. Then was seen the might of the king, equal to a thunderbolt, slaying some with his immense battle-axe, and striking others down.Then arose the shouts afresh, all rushing against him and him against all. At length through the number of the blows, the king's battle-axe was broken asunder. Instantly, with his right hand, drawing his sword, well worthy of a king, he marvellously waged the combat, until the sword as well was broken asunder.On seeing this William Kahamnes, i.e. William de Keynes, a most powerful knight, rushed upon the king, and seizing him by the helmet, cried with a loud voice, 'Hither, all of you come hither! I have taken the king!'"...The rest of his division fought on with no hope of escape until all were killed or had surrendered. Baldwin fitz Richard and Richard fitz Urse 'having received many wounds, and, by their determined resistance, having gained immortal honour' were taken prisoner.After fierce fighting in the city's streets, Stephen's forces were defeated. Stephen himself was captured and taken to Bristol, where he was imprisoned. He was subsequently exchanged for Robert of Gloucester, who was captured in the Rout of Winchester the following September, that ended Matildas brief ascendancy in the wars with Stephen. | (Gilbert fitz GilberT DE CLARE) (born year) |