Overview of Jewish American Research - Revision history

Tammy hepps: /* External Links */

Tammy hepps — Wed, 27 Jun 2012 15:42:12 GMT

External Links

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	Coming soon...		Coming soon...
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-	~~=External Links=~~
-	~~[http://custom-essay-writing-service.org/custom-essay.php custom essay]~~

Tixdowdysanders at 15:52, 27 February 2012

Tixdowdysanders — Mon, 27 Feb 2012 15:52:40 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:52, 27 February 2012
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	=External Links=		=External Links=
		+	[http://custom-essay-writing-service.org/custom-essay.php custom essay]

Coastalram: /* Origin of Surnames */

Coastalram — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 09:49:50 GMT

Origin of Surnames

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	To this day, Jewish culture has not required hereditary surnames. In the Jewish religion, a person is known by his or her religious given name followed by “son” or “daughter” of the father’s given name—for example, Gad son of Jacob or Sarah Malka daughter of Jacob. Consequently, before the nineteenth century, most Ashkenazic Jews did not have hereditary surnames. Through a series of edicts, surnames were forced upon them by Prussia, Russia, and Austria-Hungary—the three major empires of the period—which wanted a unique way of identifying their Jewish citizens. Jews chose occupation names or the names of towns or kept to patronymics. There are some distinguished rabbinic surnames that predate this era of surname acquisition. They include such names as Auerbach, Epstein, Horowitz, Isserles, Lurie, and Rapaport. Most Sephardic surnames had an equally undistinguished origin. They date from the fifteenth century, when Jews were voluntarily or forcibly baptized as Roman Catholics and assumed the surnames of their sponsors. Many Jews who did not convert but had dealings with Christians assumed surnames to disguise their Jewishness. A few Sephardic surnames predate this era, including Abensur, Malka, Sasson, and Shaltiel.		To this day, Jewish culture has not required hereditary surnames. In the Jewish religion, a person is known by his or her religious given name followed by “son” or “daughter” of the father’s given name—for example, Gad son of Jacob or Sarah Malka daughter of Jacob. Consequently, before the nineteenth century, most Ashkenazic Jews did not have hereditary surnames. Through a series of edicts, surnames were forced upon them by Prussia, Russia, and Austria-Hungary—the three major empires of the period—which wanted a unique way of identifying their Jewish citizens. Jews chose occupation names or the names of towns or kept to patronymics. There are some distinguished rabbinic surnames that predate this era of surname acquisition. They include such names as Auerbach, Epstein, Horowitz, Isserles, Lurie, and Rapaport. Most Sephardic surnames had an equally undistinguished origin. They date from the fifteenth century, when Jews were voluntarily or forcibly baptized as Roman Catholics and assumed the surnames of their sponsors. Many Jews who did not convert but had dealings with Christians assumed surnames to disguise their Jewishness. A few Sephardic surnames predate this era, including Abensur, Malka, Sasson, and Shaltiel.

-	Customs that are particularly useful when looked at together are...	+	'''Customs that are particularly useful when looked at together are...'''

	The custom of naming a person after a relative who had already passed away. A researcher might find that as different branches are traced backwards in time you might notice the commonality of a given name (i.e. Mendel) within a generation.		The custom of naming a person after a relative who had already passed away. A researcher might find that as different branches are traced backwards in time you might notice the commonality of a given name (i.e. Mendel) within a generation.

Bigbears6: moved The Cherokee and Freedmen Connection to Overview of Jewish American Research over redirect

Bigbears6 — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 02:44:35 GMT

moved The Cherokee and Freedmen Connection to Overview of Jewish American Research over redirect

← Older revision

Revision as of 02:44, 21 June 2011

Bettyrobinson92: moved Overview of Jewish American Research to The Cherokee and Freedmen Connection: No history of any Jewish background in family.

Bettyrobinson92 — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 19:53:36 GMT

moved Overview of Jewish American Research to The Cherokee and Freedmen Connection: No history of any Jewish background in family.

← Older revision

Revision as of 19:53, 20 June 2011

Dedak1: /* Jews of the Diaspora */

Dedak1 — Tue, 19 Oct 2010 00:21:57 GMT

Jews of the Diaspora

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	Those Jews who migrated to medieval France and Germany became known as Ashkenazic Jews (ashkenaz is the Hebrew word for Germany). They subsequently spread south and east to today’s Austria, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, and Romania and then eastward to Poland and Russia, dominating the indigenous Jews of these areas and bringing their language, Yiddish, to the entire region. Most Jewish Americans are descended from the Ashkenazic Jews of central and eastern Europe. Those settling in the medieval Iberian Peninsula became known as Sephardic Jews (''sepharad'' is the Hebrew word for Spain). Their culture thrived from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries but came to an abrupt end in Spain with the expulsion of the Jews in 1492. They fled throughout the Mediterranean rim, Holland, and other countries. Almost all Jewish Americans are either Ashkenazic or Sephardic Jews.		Those Jews who migrated to medieval France and Germany became known as Ashkenazic Jews (ashkenaz is the Hebrew word for Germany). They subsequently spread south and east to today’s Austria, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, and Romania and then eastward to Poland and Russia, dominating the indigenous Jews of these areas and bringing their language, Yiddish, to the entire region. Most Jewish Americans are descended from the Ashkenazic Jews of central and eastern Europe. Those settling in the medieval Iberian Peninsula became known as Sephardic Jews (''sepharad'' is the Hebrew word for Spain). Their culture thrived from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries but came to an abrupt end in Spain with the expulsion of the Jews in 1492. They fled throughout the Mediterranean rim, Holland, and other countries. Almost all Jewish Americans are either Ashkenazic or Sephardic Jews.

-	Jews who settled in the Middle East in what are now Yemen, Iraq, and Iran are also categorized as Sephardic Jews, though they originally belonged to a separate group known as Oriental Jews. The influence of the Sephardic Jews after their expulsion from Spain dominated the culture of the Oriental Jews. As the Far East was opened to Western civilization in the fourteenth century, Jews traveled eastward to settle in India and China~~. Probably the best-known Indian Jew today is Zubin Mehta, who has conducted the New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic, and other orchestras~~. There are no longer Chinese Jews, though they existed into the late-nineteenth century in Kaifeng, China. The Ethiopian Jews comprise another group that developed independently. Their origins are unknown; they claim to be descendants of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Anthropologists state that they are black Africans who converted to Judaism some fifteen hundred years ago. DNA research supports this theory. Most live in Israel today, having been rescued from religious persecution in the 1980s.	+	Jews who settled in the Middle East in what are now Yemen, Iraq, and Iran are also categorized as Sephardic Jews, though they originally belonged to a separate group known as Oriental Jews. The influence of the Sephardic Jews after their expulsion from Spain dominated the culture of the Oriental Jews. As the Far East was opened to Western civilization in the fourteenth century, Jews traveled eastward to settle in India and China. There are no longer Chinese Jews, though they existed into the late-nineteenth century in Kaifeng, China. The Ethiopian Jews comprise another group that developed independently. Their origins are unknown; they claim to be descendants of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Anthropologists state that they are black Africans who converted to Judaism some fifteen hundred years ago. DNA research supports this theory. Most live in Israel today, having been rescued from religious persecution in the 1980s.

	=Naming Patterns=		=Naming Patterns=

Dedak1 at 00:11, 19 October 2010

Dedak1 — Tue, 19 Oct 2010 00:11:36 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:11, 19 October 2010
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	'''This article originally appeared in "Jewish American Research" by [[Gary Mokotoff]] in ''[[The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy]]'''''		'''This article originally appeared in "Jewish American Research" by [[Gary Mokotoff]] in ''[[The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy]]'''''

-	After the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Jews were dispersed throughout their known world. This dispersion became known as the Diaspora (Greek for dispersion). Although Jews had the common bond of their religion, they developed separate cultures in different geographic areas.	+	After the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Jews were dispersed throughout their known world. This dispersion became known as the Diaspora (Greek for dispersion). Although Jews had the common bond of their ancestry and religion, they developed separate cultures in different geographic areas.

	=Jews of the Diaspora=		=Jews of the Diaspora=

Joycebenezra: /* Naming Patterns */

Joycebenezra — Mon, 09 Aug 2010 14:40:59 GMT

Naming Patterns

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	A cultural factor of interest to genealogists is the way children of Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews acquire given names. Ashkenazic Jews normally name their children after deceased relatives—usually recently deceased relatives. This rule is often the first clue as to the names of ancestors for whom there is no documentation. For example, if several male children within an extended family born in the same year were given the name Abraham, it usually shows that some common relative with the given name Abraham died shortly before the birth of the children. Two Ashkenazic Jewish genealogists who suspect they might be related will often go through the ritual of comparing given names in their families, looking for a pattern of similar given names.		A cultural factor of interest to genealogists is the way children of Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews acquire given names. Ashkenazic Jews normally name their children after deceased relatives—usually recently deceased relatives. This rule is often the first clue as to the names of ancestors for whom there is no documentation. For example, if several male children within an extended family born in the same year were given the name Abraham, it usually shows that some common relative with the given name Abraham died shortly before the birth of the children. Two Ashkenazic Jewish genealogists who suspect they might be related will often go through the ritual of comparing given names in their families, looking for a pattern of similar given names.

-	Jews who follow the Sephardic tradition name their children according to the following pattern: the firstborn son is named after the father’s father; the firstborn daughter is named after the ~~mother’s~~ mother; second son after the mother’s father; and the second daughter after the ~~father’s~~ mother.	+	Jews who follow the Sephardic tradition name their children according to the following pattern: the firstborn son is named after the father’s father; the firstborn daughter is named after the father's mother; second son after the mother’s father; and the second daughter after the mother's mother.

	=Origin of Surnames=		=Origin of Surnames=

Matrayback: Reverted edits by Conferences2009 (Talk) to last revision by 66.43.20.85

Matrayback — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 17:05:20 GMT

Reverted edits by Conferences2009 (Talk) to last revision by 66.43.20.85

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 16 July 2010
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	Coming soon...		Coming soon...
-	~~[[File:Annie in the Sink.jpg]]~~

	=External Links=		=External Links=

Conferences2009: /* References */

Conferences2009 — Thu, 15 Jul 2010 21:44:40 GMT

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 15 July 2010
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-	[[~~file~~:~~annie_in_the_sink~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Annie in the Sink.jpg]]

	=External Links=		=External Links=