English (mainly Gloucestershire), Dutch, and German (also
Türk): from Middle English, Old French turc, Middle
High and Low German Turc ‘Turk’, from Turkish türk.
In theory this could be an ethnic name but, both in England and
northwest Europe, it is generally a nickname for a person with black
hair and a swarthy complexion or a cruel, rowdy, or unruly person. The
Dutch and German surname also represents a house name, derived from
the use of a picture of a Turk as a house sign. It is also found as a
nickname for someone who had taken part in the wars against the Turks.
English: from a medieval personal name, a back-formation from
Turkel, misanalyzed as containing the Old French diminutive
suffix -el.
Scottish: reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic
Mac Tuirc, a patronymic from the byname Torc ‘boar’.
Jewish (Ashkenazic): ethnic name denoting someone from
Turkey or anywhere in the Ottoman Empire, or a nickname for someone
thought to resemble a Turk.
Americanized form of the Greek
ethnic name Tourkos ‘Turk’. See also Turco.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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