Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): from
the vocabulary word Turek ‘Turk’, either an ethnic name for a
Turk or a nickname for someone who was thought to resemble a Turk in
some way.
Croatian (northern Croatia) and Slovenian:
nickname for a refugee from the Turks in the 15th and 16th century,
from the ethnic term Turek ‘Turk’. Slovenian territory and the
northern parts of present-day Croatia were a refuge for Christians
from Bosnia when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and from
those parts of Croatia that were a war zone. Refugees were thus not
ethnic Turks, but Serbs and Croats from ‘Turkey’, i.e. the Ottoman
Empire.
Slovenian: perhaps also a nickname or occupational
name from any of various plants named turek, e.g. a kind of
flax or a mushroom of the genus Leccinium.
Polish and Jewish
(from Poland): habitational name from any of several places named
Turek, in particular one in Konin voivodeship.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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