German and Dutch: from Middle High German, Middle Dutch
schenke, ‘cupbearer’, ‘wine server’ (from Old High German
scenko, from scenken ‘to pour out or serve’), hence an
occupational name for a cupbearer or server of wine. As a German name
it also denotes a tavernkeeper. In another development, similar to
English Butler, the word came to be used as an honorary title
for a high court official, and some cases of the surname may have
arisen from this use.
Jewish (Ashkenazic): metonymic
occupational name for an innkeeper, from German Schenke ‘inn’,
‘tavern’. At one time only Jews were allowed to sell alcohol in the
Russian empire, which is why Shenk and its related surnames are
very common.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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