English (mainly northern): from Anglo-Norman French pel ‘stake’, ‘pole’ (Old French piel, from Latin palus), a nickname for a tall, thin man. It may also have been a topographic name for someone who lived by a stake fence or in a property defended by one, or a metonymic occupational name for a builder of such fences. Compare Pallister.
Dutch: habitational name from places so called in North Brabant (where there is also a district called De Peel) and Dutch Limburg, from De Peel in Ravels, Antwerp province, or from Pedele in Kaggevinne and in Adorp, Brabant.
German: possily a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place name.
German: perhaps an altered spelling of Piel or Piehl.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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