English (mainly Kent and Sussex): from the Middle English personal
name Pain(e), Payn(e) (Old French Paien, from
Latin Paganus), introduced to Britain by the Normans. The Latin
name is a derivative of pagus ‘outlying village’, and meant at
first a person who lived in the country (as opposed to Urbanus
‘city dweller’), then a civilian as opposed to a soldier, and
eventually a heathen (one not enrolled in the army of Christ). This
remained a popular name throughout the Middle Ages, but it died out in
the 16th century.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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