German: topographic name for someone who lived by an elder
tree, Middle High German holder, or from a house named for its
sign of an elder tree. In same areas, for example Alsace, the elder
tree was believed to be the protector of a house.
Jewish
(Ashkenazic): ornamental name from German Holder ‘elder tree’.
English (chiefly western counties): occupational name for a
tender of animals, from an agent derivative of Middle English
hold(en) ‘to guard or keep’ (Old English h(e)aldan). It
is possible that this word was also used in the wider sense of a
holder of land within the feudal system. Compare Helder.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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