English: occupational name from Middle English, Old French
ferm(i)er (Late Latin firmarius). The term denoted in
the first instance a tax farmer, one who undertook the collection of
taxes, revenues, and imposts, paying a fixed (Latin firmus) sum
for the proceeds, and only secondarily someone who rented land for the
purpose of cultivation; it was not applied to an owner of cultivated
land before the 17th century.
Irish: Anglicized (part
translated) form of Gaelic Mac an Scolóige ‘son of the
husbandman’, a rare surname of northern and western Ireland.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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